Mutable vs. Immutable in Python:

Mutable:

• Mutable objects are those whose values or content can be changed after creation.

• Changes to mutable objects are reflected directly in the memory location where they are stored.

Immutable:

• Immutable objects, on the other hand, cannot be changed once they are created.

• Any operation that appears to modify an immutable object actually creates a new object with the updated value.

Lists of Mutable and Immutable Data Types:

| Mutable Data Types   | Immutable Data Types |
|----------------------|----------------------|
| Lists                | Integers             |
| Dictionaries         | Floats               |
| Sets                 | Strings              |
|                      | Tuples               |

Now, let's take an example using a string, which is an immutable data type:

Example with String (Immutable):

# Creating a string
username = "hruthik"

# Displaying the initial value
print(username)  # Output: 'hruthik'

# Attempting to change the value of the string
username = "hruthik ks"

# Displaying the updated value
print(username)  # Output: 'hruthik ks'

Explanation:

• When you create a variable username with the value "hruthik" Python allocates a specific memory space for this string.

• Accessing the content of username refers to the memory space where "hruthik" is stored.

• Strings are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed after creation.

• Attempting to change the value of username to "hruthik ks" results in the allocation of a new memory space for this new string.

• The variable username now references the new memory space containing "hruthik ks" while the old reference to "hruthik" still exists.

• Python's garbage collector automatically identifies and deletes unreferenced objects, such as the memory space containing the original "hruthik" value.

Example with Integer(Immutable):

x = 10
y = x
print(x)  # Output: 10
print(y)  # Output: 10

x = 15
print(x)  # Output: 15
print(y)  # Output: 10

Explanation:

• When you create an integer variable x with the value 10, Python allocates a specific memory space for this integer.

• Creating a new variable y and assigning it the value of x (y = x) makes y reference the same memory space as x, both containing the value 10.

• Modifying the value of x to 15 (x = 15) results in allocating a new memory space for the updated integer value.

• The variable x now references the new memory space containing 15, while y retains its reference to the original memory space with the value 10.

• The values of x and y are now different, with x holding 15 and y holding 10.

Creative Explanation:

In Python, think of mutable objects like editable notebooks – you can directly modify what's written inside. On the other hand, immutable objects are like sealed letters; if you want to change the message, you need to create a new letter. Mutable objects allow direct changes in the same space, while immutable objects create a new space for any modifications. This difference impacts how we handle information and memory in Python programs.